Some classic novels, once celebrated for their literary merit, have been scrutinized for portraying specific themes and characters. They now face criticism and outrage from modern readers who view them through a more critical lens. Here are ten beloved classic novels that have sparked controversy and debate in today’s society:

This post may contain affiliate links meaning I get commissions for purchases made in this post. Read my disclosure policy here.

To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee

Harper Lee’s seminal work is celebrated for its poignant exploration of racial injustice in the American South during the 1930s. However, modern readers critique the novel’s portrayal of Black characters, particularly their lack of agency. Despite the central role of Tom Robinson’s trial in confronting racism, some argue that the black characters are relegated to secondary roles, perpetuating stereotypes of passivity and subservience.

Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain

Mark Twain’s masterpiece is renowned for its scathing critique of racism and the institution of slavery. However, the pervasive use of racial slurs and the portrayal of Jim, an enslaved Black person, as a passive figure has stirred controversy in modern times. This tension between the novel’s anti-racist themes and its problematic portrayal of race highlights the complexities of interpreting classic literature through a contemporary lens.

The Catcher in the Rye by JD Salinger

JD Salinger’s seminal novel is known for its candid exploration of adolescent angst and disillusionment. However, critics contend that the protagonist, Holden Caulfield, ‘s misogynistic views and disdain for authority perpetuate toxic masculinity and reinforce patriarchal norms. While the novel may resonate with readers for its authenticity and emotional depth, its depiction of gender dynamics invites reflection on the intersection of personal identity and societal expectations.

Gone with the Wind by Margaret Mitchell

Margaret Mitchell’s epic saga set against the backdrop of the American Civil War has captivated readers for generations. However, the novel’s romanticized portrayal of the Old South and its depiction of enslaved black characters have sparked controversy in modern times. Critics argue that the novel glosses over the brutal realities of slavery and perpetuates racist stereotypes through its idealized portrayal of plantation life.

Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad

Joseph Conrad’s exploration of imperialism and colonialism in the Belgian Congo has long been regarded as a literary masterpiece. However, the novel’s portrayal of Africans as primitive and inferior has ignited debate among modern readers. Critics argue that Conrad’s depiction perpetuates racist stereotypes and fails to challenge the Eurocentric worldview prevalent at the time of its publication.

The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain

Mark Twain’s classic tale of boyhood adventure along the Mississippi River has enchanted readers for generations. However, the novel’s treatment of race and slavery has been scrutinized in modern times. Critics argue that Twain’s portrayal of racial stereotypes and the use of racial slurs detract from the novel’s literary merit and perpetuate harmful narratives about black Americans.

Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe

Harriet Beecher Stowe’s seminal work is credited with galvanizing the abolitionist movement and exposing the horrors of slavery to a broad audience. However, the novel’s portrayal of black characters has been criticized in modern times. Critics argue that the sentimental portrayal of Uncle Tom and other Black characters reinforces racial stereotypes and fails to capture the complexities of their experiences.

Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck

John Steinbeck’s novella, set against the backdrop of the Great Depression, is celebrated for exploring friendship and the human condition. However, the novel’s portrayal of mental illness and disability has raised concerns among modern readers. Critics argue that the character of Lennie, depicted as intellectually disabled, perpetuates stereotypes and fails to provide a nuanced portrayal of individuals with cognitive differences.

Dracula by Bram Stoker

Bram Stoker’s Gothic masterpiece has enthralled readers with its tale of horror and seduction for over a century. However, the novel’s portrayal of gender roles and sexuality has been scrutinized in modern times. Critics argue that the depiction of female characters as passive victims and the association of sexuality with danger perpetuate patriarchal norms and reinforce harmful stereotypes.

The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde

Oscar Wilde’s philosophical novel explores the nature of beauty and morality and has fascinated readers with its decadent prose and provocative themes. However, the novel’s homoerotic undertones and portrayal of LGBTQ+ characters have sparked debate in modern times. Critics argue that the depiction of same-sex desire and the association of homosexuality with moral corruption harm queer voices today.